Gabrielle M. Luoma, CPA, PLLC

All planning involves looking ahead to reach a specific goal. People are inclined to make careful plans when they consider making a home purchase, accepting a new job, taking a dream vacation, or investing for retirement. But when it comes to taxes, they often leave matters to chance, perhaps not realizing the tax savings that can result. THE GOAL OF TAX PLANNING IS TO SAVE YOU MONEY!

Every taxpayer has the right AND the responsibility to lower his/her tax bill using a number of different legal methods. Tax planning is the tool that helps you evaluate your financial situation in light of current laws to make sure that you get the benefit of all deductions you’re entitled to.

Your Tax Planning Barometer

Consider tax planning BEFORE making a decision about any of the following:

• Borrowing money for any purpose
• Paying off a loan
• Contributing to or taking funds from any type of retirement plan
• Buying or selling any kind of property (vacation home, rental property, other real estate, stocks and bonds, partnership interest, vehicles, personal residence, a business or business assets, tax shelter, etc.)
• Retiring
• Getting married
• Negotiating a divorce agreement
• Making investments where your participation will be minimal
• Making a large gift to your child or other relative
• Changing the form of your business to a partnership or corporation
• Incurring business expenses as an employee
• Holding an uncollectible note
• Moving

When is the Best Time to Start?

To gain the most benefit from your tax planning, you need to make it a consideration all year long. However, many taxpayers find that fall is the best planning season. By then, law changes and new tax rates are usually known, and there’s still enough time to make adjustments before year’s end. You should strongly consider tax planning if your income, deductions, income tax withholding, or estimated tax payments are significantly more or less than last year.

Planning Strategy – A Matter of Timing

Planning strategy is often built on two basic timing precepts:
Rule 1 – Generally, payment of tax owed on income transactions should be postponed as long as possible provided no penalty is incurred or there is not a pending law change that would adversely affect you.

When you postpone the payment of tax on a transaction (e.g., an installment sale), it’s almost like getting an interest-free loan from the government. You have the use of the money until the postponed tax must be paid.

However, sale transactions can also produce hidden dangers from tax underpayment penalties. You will want to plan ahead carefully when you have a sale to be sure that you are covered as far as any penalty is concerned. Your tax advisor will be able to make the best suggestion.

Rule 2 – Year-to-year tax bracket changes should be considered when making decisions to pay deductible expenses or receive taxable income. Law change or fluctuations in your income and expenses may shift you to different tax brackets from year to year. As a general rule, it’s best to receive income in years your tax rates are low, and pay expenses when they are high.
What are the Benefits of Tax Planning?
By planning ahead, you can adjust withholding and estimated tax payments to help eliminate or reduce tax penalties. Making adjustments may also help you postpone payment of tax (you’ll be taking advantage of Rule 1) or let you shift some income or deductions to different tax years to at least lower your taxes (in other words, you’ll be making use of Rule 2).

If you have a casualty loss (e.g., a loss due to fire, theft, or natural disaster), shifting income from one year to another may allow you a greater loss deduction. In some cases, you can even choose in which year to claim the loss.

Tax planning helps you evaluate whether a deduction will really benefit you. Many taxpayers like to make their last state estimated tax payment in December so they can get a federal deduction for it in the current year. This strategy is often a good one, but under certain circumstances, you gain nothing tax-wise. Planning can help you tell for sure!

Buying and selling property create all kinds of tax planning opportunities. For example, if you expect to sell real property at a gain in the near future, your planning should question the timing of the sale closing AND whether it’s best to report your gain all at once or over several tax years (i.e., an installment sale). Another tax break available for property dispositions is the so-called tax-deferred exchange. If you intend to buy another property similar to the one you sold, your plans should consider how an exchange could work for you.

Retirement decisions can cost a lot in extra tax dollars if you don’t take the time to develop a sound tax plan. BEGIN THE PLANNING WELL BEFORE YOU’RE SCHEDULED TO RETIRE TO MAKE SURE YOU COVER ALL THE OPTIONS. For example, say you’re an employee and your employer offers you a choice between getting your pension as an annuity or as a lump-sum payout.

Your planning needs to include crunching numbers to determine the best way to go. You might be eligible for certain special averaging calculations that apply to pensions and can save a lot on taxes! Or perhaps a rollover to an IRA needs to come into the picture. Planning will help you find the best answer!

The tax law provides special breaks for home sale gains, and planning can help make sure you qualify for them. Homeowners may exclude all (or a part) of a gain on a home if they meet certain occupancy and holding period requirements. Be sure to check before finalizing a sale to make sure you meet the necessary qualifications.

Borrowing funds creates interesting tax planning opportunities. The interest on many loans is deductible. Right? NOT ALWAYS! Ensure you are able to deduct the interest, and do your planning homework before you sign on the dotted line!

Tax planning is a must when there are property settlements due to divorce situations. Because of the manner in which the tax law handles transfers of property between spouses, what appears to be a fair split on the surface can turn into just the opposite in the long run.

When it’s time to purchase business equipment, plan first. The tax law contains complicated rules about computing depreciation on business property purchased in the last quarter of the year. Timing of your purchases could be vital to ensure that you get the most from your expenditures.
If you need assistance with your tax planning needs, please give this office a call.

If you are planning to open a new business, there are a number of tax and accounting issues you need to be aware of. The following are some of the more commonly encountered issues a new business owner needs to cope with.

1. Entity Selection – First, you must decide what type of business entity you are going to establish. The type of business entity will determine which tax form you have to file. The most common types of businesses are the sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, S corporation and limited liability company. This office can assist you in making that determination and setting up the chosen entity. Depending on the type of entity you choose, you may also need the services of an attorney to complete legal documents required to establish the business.

2. Taxes – The type of business you operate determines what taxes you must pay and how you pay them. The four general types of business taxes are income tax, self-employment tax, employment tax and excise tax. This office can assist you with the filings required for whichever business entity you select.

3. EIN – An Employer Identification Number (EIN) is generally used to identify a business entity. If you organize your business as a partnership or corporation, you will need an EIN. If you operate as a sole proprietorship, you will also need an EIN if you have employees or a Keogh pension plan. This office can assist you in determining your need for an EIN and help you obtain one.

4. Local Business License – Depending upon the community in which your business is located, you may also be required to obtain a business tax permit (which is sometimes referred to as a business license). This office can help you determine the need for one and assist with filing the application.

5. Sales Tax Permit – If the new business has retail sales, you will need to obtain a sales tax permit and periodically remit the sales tax collected from the sales. This office can assist you with obtaining the permit and setting up the payments. Even if you won’t be operating a retail sales business, you may need to register with the state for use tax purposes. Again, this office can help you with that registration if it is required.

6. Payroll – If you have employees, you will have to withhold and remit payroll taxes to the federal, state and sometimes local governments. We can help you set up your payroll system and register with the appropriate governmental agencies.

7. Information Reporting – If you make payments totaling $600 or more for the year to individuals who are not your employees, you will be required to issue a 1099-MISC to that individual shortly after the end of the year. This requires obtaining the individual’s name, SSN, and address prior to paying them for the first time. This requirement is extended to payments you make to corporations in 2012. This office can help you establish a procedure for collecting the required information and preparing the required filings after the close of the year.

8. Recordkeeping System – Establishing a good recordkeeping system right away can save a lot of grief in the future. This office can assist you in selecting and setting up a recordkeeping system suited to your business.

9. Accounting Method – Each taxpayer must also use a consistent accounting method, which is a set of rules for determining when to report income and expenses. The most commonly used accounting methods are the cash method and an accrual method. Under the cash method, you generally report income in the tax year you receive it and deduct expenses in the tax year you pay them. Under an accrual method, you generally report income in the tax year you earn it and deduct expenses in the tax year you incur them.

In closing, it is always easier and less expensive to set things up correctly in the first place than it is to fix the mistakes later. Even if you plan to accomplish some of the tasks listed above yourself, we highly recommend you consult with this office to ensure you are doing what is needed correctly and on time. There may also be other issues not included above that also need to be dealt with when setting up your particular business.

Year-End Tax Planning

As we head into the heart of December, it’s time to start planning year-end tax strategies. There are several ways to maximize your 2009 savings by minimizing your taxable income through smart deductions. Below are a few tips:

• Retirement contributions: If you haven’t already reached the limit, now is the time to max out your contribution to your corporate 401K account. If you don’t work for a company, you might also consider contributing to a traditional IRA or SEP (self-employed) IRA. Your CPA can help you identify which retirement plans must be funded before the end of 2009, and which can be funded after the New Year.
• New vehicle deductions: Are you planning to buy a new car, truck, motorcycle, or RV in the coming year? If you complete the purchase before the New Year, you may be eligible to write off the sales tax as a deduction, depending on the amount of your total household income.
• Homebuyer and homeowner credit: In 2009, legislature was passed that granted first-time home buyers up to $8,000 in tax credits. This deduction is limited to taxpayers who have not bought a home in the last three years and whose incomes are below the maximum limit. If you’re planning to purchase a home in the near future, doing so before the end of the year will increase your 2009 tax savings. In addition, current homeowners may be eligible to deduct up to $6,500 in tax credits.
• Eco-friendly appliances: Federally funded programs are offering special rebates for appliances—furnaces, dishwashers, refrigerators, and washers and dryers, among others—that have earned an Energy Star rating for environmentally friendly design. Rebate values vary by state, ranging from $50-$200 per product, so be sure to check with your CPA for details.
• Business expenses: If you own a business or do independent consulting work, now’s the time to tally up your receipts and determine the amount that can be deducted as work-related expenses. If you’re anticipating any large business purchases in the coming months, you might consider making them now to boost your deductions. Your CPA can also help you analyze how depreciation schedules might impact your tax situation.

Remember, every situation is different, and this is just a sampling of end-of-year tax considerations. To make sure you’re taking advantage of all eligible tax deductions, it’s best to consult with a qualified tax professional. With the proper planning and guidance, you can kick off the New Year with some extra cash to spare.